3.3.1 Frequency of Ratings

First, we wanted to use exploratory data analysis (EDA) to learn more about the two rating systems: IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes.

IMDb is a rating scale from 1 to 10, but the lowest rating on this list is 1.1 and the highest is 9.6. Rotten Tomatoes rates TV shows on a scale from 1-100 with a lowest score of 10 and a highest score of 100. As seen in the histogram plot, the distribution of IMDb ratings has a slight left skew. This is further exemplified by the fact that the median (blue) is larger than the mean (red). The Rotten Tomatoes ratings mean and median are almost equal, but there are some outliers in the data at the lower end of the rating system. The mode is a 10/100 with 304 shows receiving that rating. The Rotten Tomatoes rating is a combination of critics’ ratings and audience ratings, but this data set only shows the total rating, which is a limitation of this dataset. It would have been interesting to see how critics and the audience agree or disagree about certain ratings. In comparing these ratings distribution, it became obvious that IMDb, on average, gives higher ratings than Rotten Tomatoes. IMDb has a mean of 7.09/10 (70.9%) and a median of 7.3/10 (73%) while Rotten Tomatoes has a mean of 47.2/100 (47.2%) and a median of 48/100 (48%). This discrepancy was surprising since we expected the rating systems to generally agree.

3.3.2 Comparison of Rating Systems

In order to further explore this unexpected discrepancy, we created a scatter plot comparing IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes. We also added the dimension of Age, which is the intended age group of each show. This allows us to visualize how shows for different age groups are rated.

This scatter plot further confirmed the fact that IMDb had higher ratings when compared to Rotten Tomatoes. There is a positive correlation between the two rating systems, but Rotten Tomatoes consistently has a lower overall rating. This helped us to form a new SMART question: what is the relationship between IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes?

This plot also gave us some information about how shows for different age groups are rated. Shows intended for 16+ had the highest overall rating, with an average of 7.3/10 on IMDb and 62.7/100 on Rotten Tomatoes. The 13+ age group at the lowest average IMDb score of 6.83/10 and shows intended for all ages had the lowest Rotten Tomatoes score with 47.7/100. It should be noted that shows with no intended age group listed (NA) had a lower Rotten Tomatoes score of 31.7/100, but since that represents a dearth of data concerning age group, the subset was neglected in future analysis.

3.4.1 Ratings for Platforms

After comparing the rating systems to each other and then seeing how the intended age group affects ratings, we then turned to the different platforms. We compared the ratings for Disney, Hulu, Netflix, and Prime using boxplots.

Much like how the rating systems had different overall distributions, they also painted different pictures for the average rating of shows on each platform. Using IMDb, Prime has the highest average rating of 7.15/10 and Disney has the lowest with 6.97/10. Looking at the Rotten Tomatoes ratings, however, Netflix has the highest average rating of 53.6/100, Hulu has the highest median score of 55/100, and Prime has the lowest average rating of 37.8/100. Prime is particularly interesting in this respect since it has the highest average rating with IMDb, but the lowest average rating with Rotten Tomatoes. This demonstrates that the question of “which platform has the highest average rating?” is not so straightforward.

3.4.2 Age Groups by Platform

Next, we considered the relationship between platform and target age group. The frequency of target age groups differed significantly between different streaming platforms, thus making this a relevant feature to consider in later analysis.

Starting with Disney, the most frequent targeted age group was all ages, with 36.8% of the Disney TV shows listed falling into that category. For Hulu, 16+ was the most common age group at 30.9%. The most common age group for Netflix was 18+, comprising 24.5% of its TV shows. Prime was more evenly distributed amongst age groups (apart from 13+, which was very low), but 7+ was the most common age group at 11.6%.

After seeing how much each streaming platform differed when it comes to age group, it would have been interesting to explore other demographics for the audience of each platform. Relevant datta in this respect could include gender, race, the number of views, and the actual age of the viewer (as opposed to the target age group). Since this data set did not include these features, this can be considered another limitation of the data. Our main focus was the TV show ratings, but we could have learned more about user preference and built a more detailed model with that additional information.

3.5.1 Normality Check for the Variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Netflix

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  netflixtv$IMDb
## W = 0.9, p-value <0.0000000000000002

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  netflixtv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## W = 1, p-value = 0.000000009

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Netflix. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed also Histogram of Rotten.Tomatoes is slightly left-skewed. Thus, The mean and median are not equal. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the Netflix platform.

3.3.2 Normality check for the variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Hulu

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here, p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Netflix. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed also Histogram of Rotten.Tomatoes is slightly left-skewed. Thus, The mean and median are not equal. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the Netflix platform.

3.5.2 Normality Check for the Variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Hulu

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  hulutv$IMDb
## W = 0.9, p-value <0.0000000000000002

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  hulutv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## W = 1, p-value = 0.0000000000000006

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Hulu. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed and histogram of Rotten Tomatoes is slightly Bimodal. Thus, the mean and median are not equal. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the Hulu platform.

3.3.3 Normality check for the variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Prime tv

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Hulu. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed and histogram of Rotten Tomatoes is slightly Bimodal. Thus, the mean and median are not equal. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the Hulu platform. ### Normality Check for the Variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Prime TV

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  primetv$IMDb
## W = 0.9, p-value <0.0000000000000002

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  primetv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## W = 0.9, p-value <0.0000000000000002

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Prime Videos. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed also Histogram of Rotten.Tomatoes is Randomly distribution. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the prime tv platform.

3.3.4 Normality check for the variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Disney+

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Prime Videos. Histogram of IMDb is right-skewed also Histogram of Rotten.Tomatoes is Randomly distribution. IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the prime tv platform.

3.5.3 Normality Check for the Variables IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes for Disney+

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  disneytv$IMDb
## W = 1, p-value = 0.005

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  disneytv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## W = 1, p-value = 0.00009

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Here p value for IMDb and Rotten.Tomatoes is less than 0.05 for Disney+. Histogram of IMDb is slightly right-skewed and randomly distributed. also Histogram of Rotten.Tomatoes is slightly left-skewed and randomly distribution.IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are not normally distributed for the Disney+ platform.

4.1 Smart Question: Which streaming platform has the highest average rating (according to Rotten Tomatoes and IMDb)?

On our dataset, Netflix, Hulu, Prime tv, and Disney+ are our streaming platforms. To find the highest average rating according to Rotten Tomatoes and IMDb among the four streaming platforms a T-test is conducted. A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to compare the means of two groups. By conducting t-test, average rating value (mean value) of all streaming platforms was found. Mean values from t-test are analyzed to find the highest average rating value.

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  netflixtv$IMDb and netflixtv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## t = -134, df = 1990, p-value <0.0000000000000002
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -47.1 -45.8
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##      7.11     53.56

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  hulutv$IMDb and hulutv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## t = -98, df = 1635, p-value <0.0000000000000002
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -46.7 -44.8
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##      7.08     52.84

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  primetv$IMDb and primetv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## t = -62, df = 1846, p-value <0.0000000000000002
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -31.6 -29.6
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##      7.15     37.76

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  disneytv$IMDb and disneytv$Rotten.Tomatoes
## t = -51, df = 354, p-value <0.0000000000000002
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -44.1 -40.8
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##      6.97     49.42

Prime Videos has the highest average IMDb rating which is 7.152538 among the all-streaming platforms. Netflix has the highest average Rotten Tomatoes rating which is 53.559107 among the all-streaming platforms. This is how the highest average rating is found.

5.2 Independence check for Netflix platform

Prime Video has the highest average IMDb rating, which is 7.152538. This among all streaming platforms. Netflix has the highest average Rotten Tomatoes rating which is 53.559107 among all streaming platforms.

4.2 Independence check for Netflix Platform

##      
##       1.1 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9  4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
##   16+   1   0   0   0   0   1   2   0   0   0   0  0   0   0   0   1   1   2
##   18+   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   1   0   1   0  0   1   0   0   0   0   4
##   7+    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1  0   1   2   2   0   1   0
##   all   0   0   0   1   2   0   0   0   1   1   1  1   0   1   0   1   1   1
##      
##       4.7 4.8 4.9  5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9  6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
##   16+   0   1   0  0   0   1   1   4   1   0   0   2   1  4   3   8   3   5   6
##   18+   1   1   1  5   1   0   3   5   3   6   4   5   8  5   6  15   7  17  16
##   7+    0   1   3  1   0   3   1   1   6   1   7   4   4  8   3   4   5   5  10
##   all   0   1   5  2   1   2   2   4   1   2   4   1   5  4   1   8   3   6   5
##      
##       6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9  7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9  8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
##   16+   8  13  12  11  7  17  21  13  29  21  14  24  17  13 18  19  11  16  13
##   18+  14  13  21  16 13  17  23  17  15  23  22  16  19  27 19   9  14  14  15
##   7+    9  11  10  10 15  10  12  11  13  15  12   5   8  10 12  12   7   9  10
##   all   8   7  10   7  2   6   7   4   8   5   3   5   4   2  4   4   2   2   2
##      
##       8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9  9 9.1 9.3 9.4
##   16+  10   6   8   5   0  4   2   0   0
##   18+   9  11   6   6   1  1   1   0   1
##   7+    6   4   2   4   0  0   1   1   0
##   all   3   3   2   0   0  0   0   1   0

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable1
## X-squared = 259, df = 192, p-value = 0.0009

##      
##       16 21 22 23 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
##   16+  0  0  1  1  0  0  1  2  0  0  2  2  0  3  1  2  3  3  4  3  7  7  3  6
##   18+  0  0  1  0  0  0  1  1  0  0  1  2  2  0  2  4 11  1  6  6  9  7  6 11
##   7+   1  0  0  0  1  1  2  0  1  2  1  2  6  4  7  7 10  5  7  9  8 12  6  6
##   all  1  2  0  0  0  1  0  4  1  2  4  5  5  4  4 18 10  5  8  6 12  9  7  5
##      
##       48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
##   16+  9  4  8  7 12 10 14 17  8 11  6 12 13  6 17  9  7 15 10  9 10  7  8  8
##   18+  9  9 13  7 16 16  9  7 19 12 11  9 19 22  8 15 13 14 10 17  8  7 11 10
##   7+   7  8 10 12 12  8  8 12  6  8  4  5  7  8  4  9  7  7  4  7  3  8  4  3
##   all  6  5  5  5  6  8  2  2  2  4  1  2  0  1  3  3  1  1  0  1  0  0  0  1
##      
##       72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 94 95 96
##   16+  4 10  8  5  4  9  5  3  8  6  3  4  6  1  7  3  5  2  1  0  1  0  0  1
##   18+ 14  9  9  3  6  9  4  8  4  4  7  6  4  7  7  2  2  3  5  2  2  1  1  0
##   7+   3  3  3  1  1  5  1  2  2  1  2  2  0  1  1  0  0  0  1  0  1  0  0  0
##   all  0  0  0  2  0  0  0  0  1  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
##      
##       100
##   16+   0
##   18+   1
##   7+    0
##   all   0

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable2
## X-squared = 448, df = 216, p-value <0.0000000000000002

Since the p-value for IMDB is 0.009 AND p-value for Rotten Tomatoes0.0000000000000002, which are lower than 0.05, we need to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings for Netflix are not independent. Age and rating are correlated for Netflix platform.

5.3 Independence check for Hulu platform

Since the p-value for IMDB is 0.009, and the p-value for Rotten Tomatoes is 0.0000000000000002, which are lower than 0.05, we need to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings for Netflix are not independent, meaning age and rating are correlated for Netflix platform.

4.3 Independence Check for Hulu Platform

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable3
## X-squared = 230, df = 207, p-value = 0.1

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable4
## X-squared = 277, df = 210, p-value = 0.001

Since the p-value for IMDb is 0.1, which is greater than 0.05, we need to accept the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb for Hulu is independent. Age and IMDb rating are correlated for Hulu. the p-value is 0.001, which is lower than 0.05, we need to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, Rotten Tomatoes rating for Hulu is not independent. Age and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are correlated for Hulu platform.

5.4 Independence check for Prime tv platform

Since the p-value for IMDb is 0.1, which is greater than 0.05, we need to accept the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb for Hulu is independent. Age and IMDb rating are correlated for Hulu. Meanwhile, with a the p-value of 0.001, which is lower than 0.05, leads us to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, Rotten Tomatoes rating for Hulu is not independent. We then conclude that Age and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are correlated for Hulu platform.

4.4 Independence Check for Prime TV Platform

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable5
## X-squared = 186, df = 171, p-value = 0.2

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable6
## X-squared = 320, df = 201, p-value = 0.0000002

Since the p-value for IMDb is 0.2, which is greater than 0.05, we need to accept the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb for primetv is independent. Age and IMDb rating are correlated for primetv. the p-value is 0.0000002, which is lower than 0.05, we need to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, Rotten Tomatoes rating for primetv is not independent. Age and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are correlated for primetv platform.

5.5 Independence check for Disney+ platform

Since the p-value for IMDb is 0.2, which is greater than 0.05, we need to accept the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb for Primetv is independent. On the other hand, Age and IMDb rating are correlated for primetv. Meanwhile, the p-value of 0.0000002, which is lower than 0.05, leads us to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, Rotten Tomatoes rating for Primetv is not independent, concluding Age and Rotten Tomatoes ratings are correlated for Primetv platform.

4.5 Independence Check for Disney+ Platform

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable7
## X-squared = 246, df = 156, p-value = 0.000006

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
## 
## data:  contable8
## X-squared = 227, df = 180, p-value = 0.01

Since the p-value for IMDB is 0.000006 AND p-value for Rotten Tomatoes 0.01, which are lower than 0.05, we need to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes ratings for Diseney+ are not independent. Age and rating are correlated for Disney+ platform.

This step is to clear data, change some string data to number and some to factor.

## 'data.frame':    5368 obs. of  12 variables:
##  $ X              : int  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
##  $ ID             : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ Title          : chr  "Breaking Bad" "Stranger Things" "Attack on Titan" "Better Call Saul" ...
##  $ Year           : int  2008 2016 2013 2015 2017 2005 2013 2010 2011 2020 ...
##  $ Age            : Factor w/ 5 levels "13+","16+","18+",..: 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 ...
##  $ IMDb           : num  9.4 8.7 9 8.8 8.8 9.3 8.8 8.2 8.8 8.6 ...
##  $ Rotten.Tomatoes: num  100 96 95 94 93 93 93 93 92 92 ...
##  $ Netflix        : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##  $ Hulu           : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Prime.Video    : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Disney.        : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Type           : int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...

6.1 SMART Question: What is the relationship between IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes?

## corrplot 0.92 loaded

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = IMDb ~ Rotten.Tomatoes, data = tvdata_rank)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -5.562 -0.495  0.087  0.628  2.746 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value            Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      5.15419    0.05785    89.1 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## Rotten.Tomatoes  0.03590    0.00104    34.6 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.989 on 4404 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.213,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.213 
## F-statistic: 1.19e+03 on 1 and 4404 DF,  p-value: <0.0000000000000002

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = IMDb ~ ., data = tvdata_rank)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -5.361 -0.465  0.080  0.586  2.579 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value             Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     13.68924    3.61092    3.79              0.00015 ***
## Year            -0.00449    0.00178   -2.52              0.01194 *  
## Age16+           0.14321    0.30940    0.46              0.64349    
## Age18+           0.07727    0.31010    0.25              0.80323    
## Age7+            0.11428    0.30955    0.37              0.71201    
## Ageall           0.22263    0.31096    0.72              0.47409    
## Rotten.Tomatoes  0.04290    0.00131   32.72 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
## Netflix1        -0.10325    0.05598   -1.84              0.06521 .  
## Hulu1           -0.24195    0.05480   -4.42              0.00001 ***
## Prime.Video1     0.09515    0.05565    1.71              0.08740 .  
## Disney.1        -0.24240    0.07845   -3.09              0.00202 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.923 on 3196 degrees of freedom
##   (1199 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.285,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.283 
## F-statistic:  128 on 10 and 3196 DF,  p-value: <0.0000000000000002

## 
## 13+ 16+ 18+  7+ all 
##   9 987 852 824 535

## 
## 13+ 16+ 18+  7+ all 
##   9 987 852 824 535

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = IMDb ~ ., data = tvdata_rank_no13)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -5.417 -0.467  0.087  0.585  2.756 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value             Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     18.52238    3.47216    5.33          0.000000102 ***
## Year            -0.00681    0.00172   -3.97          0.000074207 ***
## Age18+          -0.06490    0.04422   -1.47                 0.14    
## Age7+           -0.05724    0.04503   -1.27                 0.20    
## Ageall           0.03145    0.05450    0.58                 0.56    
## Rotten.Tomatoes  0.04195    0.00130   32.30 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
## Hulu1           -0.20024    0.03555   -5.63          0.000000019 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.927 on 3191 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.277,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.276 
## F-statistic:  204 on 6 and 3191 DF,  p-value: <0.0000000000000002

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = IMDb ~ Rotten.Tomatoes, data = tvdata_rank_no13)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -5.396 -0.459  0.075  0.581  2.811 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value            Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       4.7863     0.0709    67.5 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## Rotten.Tomatoes   0.0407     0.0012    34.0 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.934 on 3196 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.266,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.266 
## F-statistic: 1.16e+03 on 1 and 3196 DF,  p-value: <0.0000000000000002

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = IMDb ~ . + Rotten.Tomatoes:Age, data = tvdata_rank_no13)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -5.460 -0.457  0.069  0.579  2.788 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                        Estimate Std. Error t value             Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)            20.68621    3.51095    5.89         0.0000000042 ***
## Year                   -0.00781    0.00174   -4.49         0.0000073150 ***
## Age18+                 -0.45763    0.20041   -2.28               0.0225 *  
## Age7+                  -0.52436    0.20025   -2.62               0.0089 ** 
## Ageall                  0.58862    0.23340    2.52               0.0117 *  
## Rotten.Tomatoes         0.03930    0.00218   18.03 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
## Hulu1                  -0.20345    0.03549   -5.73         0.0000000108 ***
## Age18+:Rotten.Tomatoes  0.00639    0.00317    2.01               0.0440 *  
## Age7+:Rotten.Tomatoes   0.00814    0.00340    2.39               0.0168 *  
## Ageall:Rotten.Tomatoes -0.01237    0.00445   -2.78               0.0055 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.924 on 3188 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.283,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.281 
## F-statistic:  140 on 9 and 3188 DF,  p-value: <0.0000000000000002

## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Model 1: IMDb ~ Rotten.Tomatoes
## Model 2: IMDb ~ Year + Age + Rotten.Tomatoes + Hulu
## Model 3: IMDb ~ Year + Age + Rotten.Tomatoes + Hulu + Rotten.Tomatoes:Age
##   Res.Df  RSS Df Sum of Sq    F       Pr(>F)    
## 1   3196 2787                                   
## 2   3191 2744  5      43.2 10.1 0.0000000013 ***
## 3   3188 2724  3      20.2  7.9 0.0000300757 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

5.2 Final Results and Approved Model for Prediction of Price

IMDb = 23.464467 + -0.009186 * Year + 0.046692 * Rotten.Tomatoes + -0.209429 * Hulu + (-0.516497 + 0.000526 * Rotten.Tomatoes) * Age7+ + (0.005813 + -0.007472 * Rotten.Tomatoes) * Age16+ + (-0.453837 + -0.001010 * Rotten.Tomatoes) * Age18+ + (0.609364 + -0.020359 * Rotten.Tomatoes) * Ageall

5.3 Problem and Future Research

7 References

Kaggle, “Movies on Netflix, Prime Video, Hulu and Disney+. A collection of movies found on these streaming platforms”, Mar 1 2020, https://www.kaggle.com/ruchi798/movies-on-netflix-prime-video-hulu-and-disney

Statista, 2021, “Market shares of selected Subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services in the United States in 2020”. Mar 1 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/496011/usa-svod-to-tv-streaming-usage/

The Verge, 2020“In a streaming wars world, JustWatch has become an essential tool” Mar 1 2020, https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/18/21291519/justwatch-streaming-search-engine-filter-app-impressions-hbo-max-disney-plus-netflix-hulu